back global monitoring index
back to chemicals index
back to factsheets index|
|
back global monitoring indexback to chemicals indexback to factsheets index |
 |
IPEN Body Burden Community Monitoring Handbook ENDOSULFANChemical Name: 6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide (C9H6Cl6O3S). CAS Number:115-29-7.115-29-7. Properties: Solubility in water: 7.6 mg/L at 25°C; vapour pressure: less than 3*10 -5 mm Hg at 25°C; log KOW: 4.50 Properties: Solubility in water: 320 µg/L at 25°C; vapour pressure: 0.17 x 10 -4 mm Hg at 25°C; log KOW: 2.23-3.62. Discovery/Uses: Endosulfan was first introduced in 1954. It is used as a contact and stomach insecticide and acaricide in a great number of food and non-food crops (e.g. tea, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, cotton) and it controls over 100 different insect pests. Endosulfan formulations are used in commercial agriculture and home gardening and for wood preservation. The technical product contains at least 94% of two pure isomers, á - and â -endosulfan. Persistence/Fate: It is moderately persistent in the soil environment with a reported average field half-life of 50 days. The two isomers have different degradation times in soil (half-lives of 35 and 150 days for á - and â -isomers, respectively, in neutral conditions). It has a moderate capacity to adsorb to soils and it is not likely to leach to groundwater. In plants, endosulfan is rapidly broken down to the corresponding sulfate, on most fruits and vegetables, 50% of the parent residue is lost within 3 to 7 days. Toxicity: Endosulfan is highly to moderately toxic to bird species (Mallards: oral LD50 31 - 243 mg/kg) and it is very toxic to aquatic organisms (96-hour LC50 rainbow trout 1.5 µg/L). It has also shown high toxicity in rats (oral LD50: 18 - 160 mg/kg, and dermal: 78 - 359 mg/kg). Female rats appear to be 4–5 times more sensitive to the lethal effects of technical-grade endosulfan than male rats. The á -isomer is considered to be more toxic than the â -isomer. There is a strong evidence of its potential for endocrine disruption. Source: UNEP Chemicals, Regional Reports of the Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances Program (2002) Available from: http://www.chem.unep.ch/pts UNEP Chemicals 11-13, chemin des Anemones CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE Switzerland. 
IPEN Body Burden Community Monitoring Handbook - 2003 |
|