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IPEN Body Burden Community Monitoring Handbook PesticidesTOXAPHENE Chemical Name: Polychlorinated bornanes and camphenes (C10H10Cl8). CAS Number: 8001-35-2 Properties: Solubility in water: 550 µg/L at 20°C; vapour pressure: 0.2-0.4 mm Hg (?) at 25°C; log KOW: 3.23-5.50. Discovery/Uses: Toxaphene has been in use since 1949 as a nonsystemic insecticide with some acaricidal activity, primarily on cotton, cereal grains fruits, nuts and vegetables. It was also used to control livestock ectoparasites such as lice, flies, ticks, mange, and scab mites. The technical product is a complex mixture of over 300 congeners, containing 67-69% chlorine by weight. Persistence/Fate: Toxaphene has a half life in soil from 100 days up to 12 years. It has been shown to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms (BCF of 4247 in mosquito fish and 76000 in brook trout). Toxicity: Toxaphene is highly toxic in fish, with 96-hour LC50 values in the range of 1.8 µg/L in rainbow trout to 22 µg/L in bluegill. Long term exposure to 0.5 µg/L reduced egg viability to zero. The acute oral toxicity is in the range of 49 mg/kg body weight in dogs to 365 mg/kg in guinea pigs. In long term studies NOEL in rats was 0.35 mg/kg bw/day, LD50 ranging from 60 to 293 mg/kg bw. For toxaphene, there exists strong evidence of the potential for endocrine disruption. Toxaphene is carcinogenic in mice and rats and is of carcinogenic risk to humans, with a cancer potency factor of 1.1 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. Source: UNEP Chemicals, Regional Reports of the Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances Program (2002) Available from: http://www.chem.unep.ch/pts UNEP Chemicals 11-13, chemin des Anemones CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE Switzerland. 
IPEN Body Burden Community Monitoring Handbook - 2003 |
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