POPS REVIEW COMMITTEE INFORMATION REPOSITORY THE REVIEW PROCESS Outcomes |
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All were found to meet the POPs screening criteria found in Annex D;
Following are the draft decision by the POP Review Committee.
For full details of the proposals and supporting information see country's proposals.
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ADVANCE UNEDITED DRAFT
Draft Decision on Chlordecone
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee,
Having examined the proposal by the European Community and its member States that are Parties to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to list chlordecone (Chemical Abstracts Service Number 143-50-0) in Annex A to the Convention and applied the screening criteria specified in Annex D to the Convention,
Decides, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, that it is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled for chlordecone, as set out in the evaluation contained in annex I to the present decision;
Decides furthermore, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Convention and paragraph 29 of decision SC-1/7 of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, to establish an ad hoc working group to review the proposal further and to prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention;
Invites, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, Parties and observers to submit to the Secretariat the information specified in Annex E in accordance with the format set out in annex [Y] to the report of its first meeting (1) before 27 January 2006.
Annex I to decision POPRC-1/[…]
Evaluation of chlordecone against the criteria of Annex D
A. Background
1. The primary source of information for the preparation of this evaluation was the proposal submitted by the European Community and its member States that are Parties to the Convention, contained in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/6.
2. The sources of scientific information were critical reviews prepared by recognized authorities.
B. Evaluation
3. The proposal was evaluated in the light of the requirements of annex D, regarding the identification of the chemical (paragraph 1 (a)) and the screening criteria (paragraphs 1 (b)-(e)):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Adequate information was provided in the proposal. The Review Committee was informed about a further trade name for this substance: "Curlone";
(ii) The chemical structure was provided. No isomers are possible. Mirex has a similar chemical structure;
The chemical identity of chlordecone is clearly established;
(b) Persistence:
(i) The half-life in soils exceeds the criterion value of six months. It is reported to be from 1 to 2 years.(2) By analogy with mirex, one report suggests that the half life could be three years or longer;(3)
(ii) A new scientific paper indicates that, in the James River (Virginia, United States of America), downstream of a facility that produced Kepone (chlordecone), the chemical is still detected in fish samples more than 20 years after the production had been phased out;(4)
There is sufficient evidence that chlordecone meets the screening criterion for persistence;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) The reported bio-concentration factors are summarized below (5)
Unicellular algae: 230-800
Aquatic invertebrates: 5,127-11,425
Fish: 1,800-16,600
(ii) and (iii) There is additional information supporting the potential for bio accumulation and bio-magnification, including an excretion half-life in mammals of several months and the detection of high levels of the chemical in fish and birds.(6) This bio-accumulation is a consequence of the lipophilic nature of the chemical, for which the log Kow value is 4.50(7) -6.00(8) ;
There is sufficient evidence that chlordecone meets the criterion for bio-accumulation;
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) and (ii) No data on environmental levels were available reflecting long-range transport;
(iii) The vapour pressure of chlordecone (2.25 X 10-7 mm Hg at 25oC)(9) is such that long-range transport in the atmosphere can be anticipated, and dissemination in particulate form has been observed. Modelling studies suggest life times in air substantially in excess of the criterion value of two days;(2)2
There is sufficient evidence that chlordecone meets the screening criterion for the potential for long range environmental transport;
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) Workers exposed in their work place showed clinical signs of chlordecone poisoning;(10)
(ii) There are extensive data showing potential for adverse effects on humans and ecosystems, including carcinogenicity and reproductive effects and very high toxicity for aquatic organisms (fish no-observed-effect concentration of less than 1 microgram per litre);
There is sufficient evidence that chlordecone meets the screening criteria on adverse effects.
C. Conclusion
4. The Committee concluded that chlordecone meets the screening criteria specified in Annex D.
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ADVANCE UNEDITED DRAFT
Draft Decision on Hexabromobiphenyl
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee,
Having examined the proposal by the European Community and its member States that are Parties to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to list hexabromobiphenyl (Chemical Abstracts Service Number 36355-01-8) in Annex A to the Convention and applied the screening criteria specified in Annex D to the Convention,
Decides, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, that it is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled for hexabromobiphenyl, as set out in the evaluation contained in annex I to the present decision;
Decides furthermore, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Convention and paragraph 29 of decision SC-1/7 of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, to establish an ad hoc working group to review the proposal further and to prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention;
Invites, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, Parties and observers to submit to the Secretariat the information specified in Annex E in accordance with the format set out in annex [Y] to the report of its first meeting (1) before […].
Annex I to decision POPRC-1/[…]
Evaluation of hexabromobiphenyl against the criteria of Annex D
A. Background
1. The primary source of information for the preparation of this evaluation was the proposal, including its sources, submitted by the European Community and its member States that are Parties to the Convention, contained in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/7.
2. Additional sources of scientific information included critical reviews prepared by recognized authorities.
B. Evaluation
3. The proposal was evaluated in the light of the requirements of Annex D, regarding the identification of the chemical (paragraph 1 (a)) and the screening criteria (paragraphs 1 (b)-(e)):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Adequate information was provided in the proposal, which covers exclusively hexabromobiphenyl;
(ii) The chemical structure was provided in the proposal. There are 42 different isomers of hexabromobiphenyl. Commercial products contain mixtures of various congeners, homologues and isomers;
The chemical identity of hexabromobiphenyl is clearly established.
(b) Persistence:
(i) There is evidence from soil incubation studies that the half-life in soil is greater than six months;(2)
(ii) There is some information on its photolytic degradation in water and in the environment. Its photolytic degradation rate in the environment, however, is not clear.(3) A follow-up survey of contaminated soils and sediments in Michigan, United States of America, over several years indicates high persistence;(4)
Thus there is sufficient evidence that hexabromobiphenyl meets the screening criterion on persistence;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) Bioconcentration factor of 11,000 in carp was determined using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline.(5) A fish field bioaccumulation value of 10,000 has been reported, but the Committee had concerns about the analytical measurements in this field study;(6)
(ii) and (iii) Additional information from the Michigan incident,(4)4 toxicokinetic data in mammals and monitoring data in biota confirm the bioaccumulation potential;
Thus there is sufficient evidence that hexabromobiphenyl meets the screening criterion on bioaccumulation;
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) and (ii) There are measured levels in biota, including monitoring results from seals and reindeers from locations far from the assumed sources;(7)
(iii) No data on half-life in air are available. The physico-chemical properties suggested that the chemical would be adsorbed in particulate matter and would therefore resist atmospheric degradation;
Thus there is sufficient evidence that hexabromobiphenyl meets the screening criterion on potential for long-range transport;
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) There are extensive data on hexabromobiphenyl poisoning in livestock in the Michigan incident(4)4 resulting in reproductive and growth effects even in animals exposed to low-level contamination;(8)
(ii) Hexabromobiphenyl has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen, category 2B.(9) There are several long-term toxicity studies on mammals confirming the toxicity of hexabromobiphenyl. There are no data on long-term toxicity on aquatic organisms;(10)
Thus, there is sufficient evidence that hexabromobiphenyl meets the screening criterion on adverse effects.
C. Conclusion
4. The Committee concluded that hexabromobiphenyl fully meets the screening criteria specified in Annex D.
Annex II to decision POPRC-1/[…] [To be inserted]
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ADVANCE UNEDITED DRAFT
Draft Decision on Lindane
Submission by the Committee
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee,
Having examined the proposal by Mexico, which is a Party to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, to list lindane (Chemical Abstracts Service Number 58-89-9) in Annex A to the Convention and applied the screening criteria specified in Annex D to the Convention,
Decides, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, that it is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled for lindane, as set out in the evaluation contained in annex I to the present decision;
Decides furthermore, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Convention and paragraph 29 of decision SC-1/7 of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, to establish an ad hoc working group to review the proposal further and to prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention;
Invites, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, Parties and observers to submit to the Secretariat the information specified in Annex E in accordance with the format set out in annex [Y] to the report of its first meeting(1) before […].
Annex I to decision POPRC-1/[…]
Evaluation of lindane against the criteria of Annex D
A. Background
1. The primary source of information for the preparation of this evaluation was the proposal submitted by Mexico, contained in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/8.
2. The sources of scientific information were critical reviews prepared by recognized authorities as well as peer reviewed papers.
B. Evaluation
3. The proposal was evaluated in the light of the requirements of annex D, regarding the identification of the chemical (paragraph 1 (a)) and the screening criteria (paragraphs 1 (b)-(e)):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Adequate information was provided in the proposal. Information was provided to the Committee about further trade names for this substance;
(ii) The chemical structure was provided. Lindane is one of several hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, i.e., the gamma isomer;
The chemical identity of lindane is clearly established;
(b) Persistence:
(i) The half-life in soil is reported to be two years. This exceeds the criterion value of six months. The half-life in water is 30-300 days (2) , although it has also been reported to have a half-life in sea water ranging from 1.2 to 19 years depending on water temperature (Ngabe et al., 1993; Harner et al., 1999 and 2000). These values exceed the criteria value for water of two months;
(ii) No data provided;
There is sufficient evidence that Lindane meets the persistence screening criterion;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) Data found in Environmental Health Criteria 124 (WHO, 1991) indicated that bio-concentration factors ranged from 13 to 1,240. The bio-concentration factor values, obtained and peer-reviewed by Japan, were between 327 to 893 in accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guidelines. Other references provide measured bio-concentration factor in mussels, daphnia and fish species ranging from 43 to 4,240, depending on the lipid content of the organism. Regarding bio-accumulation factor, the only data provided was a value of 12,500 in the Mexican proposal which may be based on the physico-chemical properties and environmental fate for lindane. The log Kow value in the Mexican proposal is 3.5;
(ii) The bioaccumulation of lindane has been observed for most taxonomic groups, from plants and algae to vertebrates. The environmental consequences of the combination of this bioaccumulation potential with a high toxicity - no observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) as low as 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day - and ecotoxicity - aquatic ecosystem no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC) below 1 µg/l (WHO, 1991; Brock et al., 2000) - should be considered. For example, when measured field levels in earthworms (0.3 mg/kg for a soil containing 80 µg/kg) are weighed against mammalian toxicity data (WHO, 1991) using a realistic food intake ratio of 0.63 (EU, 2002) the comparison indicates an area of eco-toxicological concern which should be further explored;
(iii) Lindane has been reported in seabirds, fish and mammals in the Arctic (2)2. Lindane concentrations in marine mammals are found at equivalent or even higher levels than some of the more hydrophobic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT2. In addition, lindane has been reported in human breast milk among Inuit in the Arctic and in marine mammals (AMAP 2002);
There is sufficient evidence that Lindane meets the bioaccumulation screening criterion;
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) Lindane has been measured in Arctic air (Gregor et al., 1989);
(ii) Lindane appears consistently in Arctic sea water and fresh water bodies (Gregor et al., 1989) and in marine mammals(2)2 indicating that it has travelled long distances. Lindane, as a volatile compound, can be found in other remote regions according to the proposal;
(iii) Estimations of lindane and technical-HCH global usage have been presented based on atmospheric concentrations and modelling of estimated emissions throughout the world(2)2. The vapour pressure of lindane is 3.8 X 10-3 Pa, photodegradation is insignificant and its half-life in air is 2.3-13 days (2)2. Other authors have measured longer half-lives of 56 days (Brubaker and Hites, 1998);
There is sufficient evidence that Lindane meets the potential for long range environmental transport screening criterion;
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) and (ii) Lindane has been identified as a 2B carcinogen, i.e., possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.It is also highly toxic to aquatic organisms (WHO, 1991). In the proposal, there are several other toxic endpoints listed that are relevant to humans and animals;
There is sufficient evidence that Lindane meets the adverse effects screening criterion.
C. Conclusion
4. The Committee concluded that Lindane meets the screening criteria specified in Annex D.
References
Yi, F. L., et al. 1996. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 30 (12).
AMAP, 2002. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Norway.
Nagabe, et al., 1993. Environmental Science and Technology 27: 1930-1933.
Harner, T. et al., 1999. Environmental Science and Technology 33: 1157-1164.
Harner, T. et al., 2000. Geophysical Research Letters 27: 1155-1158.
Gregor, D., et al., 1989. Environmental Science and Technology 23: 561-565.
Brock et al., 2000. Alterra Report 89, Netherlands.
EU, 2002. Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals Under Council Directive 91/414/EEC; SANCO/4145/2000 - final, Brussels.
WHO, 1991. Environmental Health Criteria No. 124, Geneva.
Brubaker, W. W., and R. A. Hites, 1998. Environmental Science and Technology 32 : 766-769.
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ADVANCE UNEDITED DRAFT
Draft Decision on Pentabromodiphenyl ether
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee,
Having examined the proposal by Norway, which is a Party to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, to list pentabromodiphenyl ether in Annex A to the Convention and applied the screening criteria specified in Annex D to the Convention,
Noting that, the commercial product hereinunder termed PentaBDE is a mixture and does not have a Chemical Abstracts Service number but that its identified individual components have the following Chemical Abstracts Service numbers:
Decides, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, that it is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled for PentaBDE, as set out in the evaluation contained in the annex to the present decision;
Decides furthermore, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Convention and paragraph 29 of decision SC-1/7 of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, to establish an ad hoc working group to review the proposal further and to prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention;
Invites, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, Parties and observers to submit to the Secretariat the information specified in Annex E in accordance with the format set out in annex [Y] to the report of its first meeting before [Z].
Annex to decision POPRC-1/3
Evaluation of pentabromodiphenyl ether against the criteria of Annex D
A. Background
1. The primary source of information for the preparation of this evaluation was the proposal submitted by Norway, contained in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/5.
2. The sources of scientific information were critical reviews prepared by recognized authorities and some selected refereed scientific articles.
B. Evaluation
3. The proposal was evaluated in the light of the requirements of Annex D, regarding the identification of the chemical (paragraph 1 (a)) and the screening criteria (paragraphs 1 (b)-(e)):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Adequate information was provided in the proposal and supporting documents;2
(ii) The chemical structure was provided;
The chemical identity of PentaBDE is clearly established;
(b) Persistence:
(i) The estimated half-life in water for two polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (PBDE-47 and PBDE-99) is 150 days which exceeds the BCF criteria (Ref. 1,3,7);
(ii) Deposits of PBDE congeners that were present in marine sediments a few decades ago are still present in clearly quantifiable amounts (Ref. 1,4,7);
There is sufficient evidence that PentaBDE has met the persistence criteria;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) LogKow is greater than 5 (logKow values 6.46-6.97). The reported bioconcentration factors for Cyprinus carpio are 66,700 for PBDE-47 and 17,700 for PBDE-99 (Ref. 1, 3);
(ii) and (iii) Data from around the world demonstrate increasing levels of PentaBDE congeners with rising trophic position (Ref. 3,4).Recent publications confirm food chain transfer in the Arctic (Ref. 5, 6);
There is sufficient evidence that PentaBDE has met the bioaccumulation criteria.
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) and (iii) PentaBDE has a low vapour pressure (9.6.10-8-4.7.10-5 Pa) and modelling data show an estimated half-life in air greater than two days. The estimated half-lives for PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 in air are between 10 and 20 days. (Ref. 1,3,7);
(ii) Monitoring data show that the substance is found in remote areas (Ref. 1, 2, 7). PentaBDE congeners have been found in Artic air with a concentration range of 1 to 20pg/m3 (Ref. 1,7). There is also a substantial amount of monitoring data in marine mammals, birds, fish, lake sediments, etc., in remote areas (Ref. 1,3,4,7);
There is sufficient evidence that PentaBDE has the potential for long range environmental transport.
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) There are no data provided on the direct toxicological effects of PentaBDE or PBDE congeners in humans;
(ii) There is evidence of reproductive toxicity in invertebrates and fish. The EC50 for larval development for marine copepod ranged between 13 and 4 mg/L for PBDE-47 and PBDE-99, respectively. The LOAEL in rodents for developmental neurotoxicity and liver toxicity ranged from 0.6 mg/kg body weight/day to 10 mg/kg body weight/day (Ref. 1,2,3,4,7).
There is sufficient evidence that PentaBDE has the potential to cause adverse effects on human health and the environment.
C. Conclusion
4. The Committee concludes that commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE) fully meets the screening criteria specified in Annex D.
References
1. UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/5.
2. Environmental Health Criteria 162: Brominated Diphenyl Ethers. IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. United Nations Environment Programme. International Labour Organization. World Health Organization. Geneva 1994 (available at http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc162.htm).
3. Risk Assessment Report for Diphenyl Ether, Pentabromo Derivative (Pentabromodiphenyl ether), Final Report of August 2000. European Commission. 2000.
4. Brominated Flame Retardants. Report 5065 (author, C.A. de Wit), Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm. 2000. ISBN 91-620-5065-6.
5. Wolkers H., van Bavel B., Derocher A.E., Wiig O., Kovacs K.M.; Lydersen C., Lindstrom G. 2004. "Congener specific accumulation and food chain transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in two Arctic food chains". Environmental Science and Technology 38:1667-1674.
6. Personal communication based on a scientific paper submitted for publication to the Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. (Sormo E.G., Salmer M.P., Jenssen B.M., Hop H., Baek K., Kovacs K.M., Lydersen C., Falk Peterssen S., Gabrielsen G.W., Lie Elisabeth and Skaare J.U., 2005).
7. TemaNord 2001: 5-79.
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ADVANCE UNEDITED DRAFT
Draft Decision on Perfluorooctane sulfonate
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee,
Having examined the proposal by Sweden, which is a Party to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, to list perfluorooctane sulfonate and ninety-six potential perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors in Annex A to the Convention and applied the screening criteria specified in Annex D to the Convention,
Noting that the perfluorooctane sulfonate anion does not have a Chemical Abstracts Service number and does not appear as an anion in the environment, but that the perfluorooctane sulfonate acid and its salts listed in the proposal have the following Chemical Abstracts Service numbers:
(a) Acid 1763-23-1
(b) K+ salt 2795-39-3
(c) Li salt 29457-72-5
(d) NH4+ salt 29081-56-9
(e) Diethanolamine salt 70225-14-8
Decides, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, that it is satisfied that the screening criteria have been fulfilled for perfluorooctane sulfonate, as set out in the evaluation contained in the annex to the present decision;
Decides also, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Convention and paragraph 29 of decision SC-1/7 of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, to establish an ad hoc working group to review the proposal further and to prepare a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention;
Decides further that issues related to the inclusion of potential perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors should be dealt with in developing the draft risk profile;
Invites, in accordance with paragraph 4 (a) of Article 8 of the Convention, Parties and observers to submit to the Secretariat the information specified in Annex E in accordance with the format set out in annex [Y] to the report of its first meeting (1) before [Z].
Annex to decision POPRC-1/7
Evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonate against the criteria of Annex D
A. Background
1. The primary source of information for the preparation of this evaluation was the proposal submitted by Sweden, contained in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/9.
2. The additional sources of scientific information were critical reviews prepared by recognized authorities and peer-reviewed scientific papers.
B. Evaluation
3. The proposal was evaluated in the light of the requirements of Annex D, regarding the identification of the chemical (paragraph 1 (a)) and the screening criteria (paragraphs 1 (b)-(e)):
(a) Chemical identity:
(i) Adequate information was provided in the proposal covering the acid and some salts;
(ii) The chemical structure of the potassium salt was provided;
The chemical identity of perfluorooctane sulfonate is clearly established. The proposal includes perfluorooctane sulfonate, the acid and its salts;
(b) Persistence:
(i) None of the tests for degradation (hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation) showed any indication of degradation of PFOS in aquatic or soil systems (Ref. 1);
(ii) Monitoring data confirm the persistence of PFOS in environmental compartments (Ref. 1);
There is sufficient evidence that PFOS meets the persistence screening criterion;
(c) Bio-accumulation:
(i) BCF values for PFOS are lower than the screening criteria (in the range of 240-1,300 for steady-state conditions and up to 2,796 using kinetic estimation) (Ref. 1); PFOS is a surface active substance and, as a result, octanol-water partition coefficient measurements are not relevant (Ref. 2). BCF values are not good predictors of bioaccumulation for this substance because food uptake has been demonstrated to be a relevant route for aquatic organisms (Ref. 3); Bioaccumulation is not related to the lipophilicity and the accumulation does not primarily occur in lipid tissues;
(ii) Toxicokinetic studies in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates show very low elimination rates (Ref. 1, 4). In addition, PFOS has shown developmental effects in mammals at low levels (no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) value of 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day in rats in a two-generation study; Ref. 1);
(iii) Monitoring data confirm the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFOS in both terrestrial and marine mammals (Ref. 4);
There is sufficient evidence that PFOS meets the bioaccumulation screening criterion;
(d) Potential for long-range environmental transport:
(i) and (ii) Extensive monitoring data , including at sites remote from known sources, show that long-range environmental transport has occurred (Ref. 1);
(iii) The estimated half-life in air is 114 days (Ref. 4);
There is sufficient evidence that PFOS meets the potential for long range environmental transport screening criterion;
(e) Adverse effects:
(i) No evidence provided;
(ii) PFOS has been shown to have developmental effects in mammals at low levels. It is also toxic to aquatic organisms (Ref. 4);
There is sufficient evidence that PFOS meets the adverse effects screening criterion.
C. Conclusion
4. The Committee concludes that PFOS fully meets the screening criteria specified in Annex D.
References
1. OECD, 2002. Co-operation on Existing Chemicals - Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts, OECD, Paris.
2. UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/9.
3. Kannan, K., Tao L., Sinclair, E., Patsva, S.D., Jude, D.J., Giesly, J.P., 2005. Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 48(4), 559-566.
4. UK, 2004. Environmental Risk Evaluation: Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS). United Kingdom Environment Agency, London.
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